There are particles inside the atomic nucleus. The particles inside also have energy which is the nuclear potential energy. The word Kinetic has its origin in the Greek language.
In the Greek language, the word kinesis means "to move". This name was originally coined by William Thomson. When an object is stationary it has Potential energy as we saw earlier. However, when the same object begins to move, then it releases Kinetic Energy.
In other words, the work needed to accelerate a body from rest to a required velocity is called kinetic energy of the object. This is true even for particles that are in motion. A person who throws a ball, a running train, or a falling drop of water are all examples of objects with kinetic energy.
KE depends on two aspects of a body. One is mass of the object and other is the velocity with which it moves. Of the two, Velocity is more important and plays a key role in determining energy.
There are different types of KE as we saw in PE. If an object is not moving, it has Zero KE. In automobiles, the fuel is burnt, and the heat energy is converted to a motion which is again Kinetic energy in action.
In hydroelectric plants, when water is stored it has potential energy, then it flows down, and the PE gets converted to KE and the KE is converted to electrical energy. In Windmills, the wind rotates the blades and this rotational kinetic energy is converted to electrical energy.
Now let us look at some of the differences that are significant, between PE and KE. PE is the energy possessed by an object by virtue of its position.
It can be transferred from one object to another and this happens during collisions. Potential Energy, on the other hand, cannot be transferred from one object to another. When Kinetic Energy is measured, the measurement is done at the point where the object is at the time of measurement.
When Potential energy is measured, the measurement is done by measuring the position from the reference position. If a ball is at a height of 10m above the ground and at rest, the potential energy is measured from the ground as a reference The formula to measure Kinetic energy involves velocity and is measured as mentioned earlier.
Potential Energy is based on mass, gravity, and height. Rigid bodies which rotate along their center of mass possess rotational kinetic energy. Rotational kinetic energy of a rotating body is calculated as the total kinetic energy of its different moving parts.
Bodies at rest also have kinetic energy. The atoms and molecules in it are in constant motion. The kinetic energy of such a body is the measure of its temperature. Share this comparison:. If you read this far, you should follow us:. Diffen LLC, n. Kinetic and Potential Energy. Comparison chart Differences — Similarities —. Interconversion of Kinetic and Potential Energy The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be destroyed but can only be transformed from one form into another.
Etymology The word "kinetic" is derived from the Greek word kinesis , which means "motion. Types of Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy Kinetic energy can be classified into two types, depending on the type of objects: Translational kinetic energy Rotational kinetic energy Rigid non rotating bodies have rectilinear motion.
Potential energy is classified depending on the applicable restoring force. Gravitational potential energy — potential energy of an object which is associated with gravitational force.
For example, when a book is placed on top of a table, energy required to raise the book from the floor and energy possessed by the book due to its elevated position on the table is gravitational potential energy. Here gravity is the restoring force. Elastic potential energy — energy possessed by an elastic body like the bow and catapult when it is stretched and deformed in one direction is elastic potential energy.
The restoring force is elasticity which acts in the opposite direction. Chemical potential energy — energy related to arrangement of atoms and molecules in a structure is chemical potential energy.
Chemical energy possessed by a substance due to the potential it has to undergo a chemical change by taking part in a chemical reaction is chemical potential energy of the substance. As a projectile is launched into the air KE is at its maximum. As the projectile gains altitude PE becomes greater than KE.
At the top of its arc, PE is at its maximum. The whole cycle reverses itself on the way down. As you can see, the loss in KE is a gain in PE. Energy is not lost but conserved. Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. It can be transformed from one form to another, but the total amount of energy never changes. Potential and Kinetic Energy: Objectives: 1. Define potential energy.
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