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The route had to be constantly revised as they attempted to find the quickest and best way to navigate the unforgiving Canadian wilderness.
One particular concern was the need to navigate a safe route through the Selkirk Mountains, at a time when it was not even known if such a route existed. The job was given surveyor Major Albert Bowman Rogers and, after his success, that section of the track, Rogers Pass, was named in his honour. Another complication came in the form of the Blackfoot First Nation, a large group of indigenous people. He eventually agreed and for his contribution was famously granted a lifetime free pass to ride the railway.
Crowfoot was also inducted into the North American Railway Hall of Fame in , in recognition of his efforts. When the CPR was completed in , it was the longest railway ever constructed. For decades, the CPR remained the only practical means of long distance travel in most regions of Canada. For many immigrants, the train was also the ideal way to travel west and settle.
These carriages and their cargo of settlers in turn played a huge part in the large-scale settlement of Western Canada. The four men responsible for ensuring the completion of the CPR were also incredible philanthropists.
They dedicated large portions of their wealth to worthy causes both in Scotland and Canada throughout their lives:.
Shaughnessy , placed a heavy drain on company resources, but continuance of the National Policy , with its substantial tariffs, meant continuing high freight rates in the West. Attacks on these rates in helped to bring about the defeat of the Conservatives. The Liberals reduced rates with the Crow's Nest Pass Agreement in and, under the Manitoba Grain Act of , required railways to provide loading platforms for farmers. Charters were also granted to the Canadian Northern Railway to develop the huge area of northern prairie left vacant by the CPR.
The CNR also competed with the CPR in hotels, telegraphs, steamships and express services as well as railway services. Despite this massive, government-supported competition, CPR survived as a commercial enterprise. During the Second World War it provided not only transportation , but also the production of armaments and materiel in its own shops. During the conflict, much of its merchant fleet was commandeered for military transport purposes, resulting in the loss of 12 vessels.
It was later expanded with the purchase of Wardair. A rigorously competitive market and government regulation caused significant changes to the airline industry in the s. CAI was taken over by Air Canada in Until the late s, CP's diverse interests were looked upon as ancillary to the rail system.
Beginning around this time, management embraced a policy of full diversification by making each operation fully self-supporting. Thus, operations that had been handled by specific departments in the railway corporate structure were set up as enterprises in their own right; e. Non-transportation interests were vested into a holding company called Canadian Pacific Enterprises Limited.
Founded in this holding company left railway, air, ship and highway transportation fields under the jurisdiction of the parent company. In , the communications wing was integrated, along with CN's parallel organization, into a new, jointly owned company known as CNCP Telecommunications Ltd see Telecommunications.
In , the company was restructured, with Canadian Pacific Railway becoming a subsidiary of the company rather than a division in effect, CPR would operate independently, with no cross-subsidies from the other divisions.
The company also sold several of its enterprises, including Marathon Realty and its interest in Laidlaw Inc. The restructuring meant that CPR was once again purely a rail company. Fording Coal was purchased in by Teck Cominco. Canadian Pacific Railway The CP Rail website features information about the company's extensive services and operations.
Click on "About CP" for features on the railway's history. Atlas of Alberta Railways Extensive online collection of maps, documents, and images pertaining to the major railways that criss-crossed Alberta since the early days of train travel. From the University of Alberta. Includes stories about the men who came from China to build the transcontinental railroad in the s.
A Virtual Museum of Canada website.
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